Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Fertility

PCOS – Hyperandrogenism

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder, primarily affecting those with ovaries during their reproductive years. A hallmark of PCOS is hyperandrogenism, where elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) like testosterone disrupt normal ovarian function, causing irregular or absent ovulation. This is mainly driven by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia (high levels of insulin in the blood). Insulin resistance causes the ovaries to produce more androgens while also suppressing the production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a protein that regulates free androgen levels in the blood. The excess free androgens exacerbate symptoms and continue the hormonal imbalance characteristic of PCOS.

Hyperandrogenism plays a central role in the development of many PCOS symptoms, including hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia. Individuals experiencing these symptoms should consult a healthcare provider, such as a gynecologist or endocrinologist, for proper evaluation, including blood tests and imaging, to ensure effective diagnosis and treatment of PCOS and its related symptoms.