Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Fertility

Fertility and Infertility –Women

Fertility refers to a woman’s ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to full term. Healthy fertility depends on the proper functioning of various components of the reproductive system, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. A regular menstrual cycle, where the ovaries release a mature egg each month, is essential for conception. The egg must then be fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tube and implant in the uterus. Factors such as age, overall health, lifestyle choices, and hormonal balance play a key role in a woman’s fertility. Generally, a woman’s fertility is highest in her 20s and begins to decline after the age of 35, primarily due to a decrease in both the number and quality of eggs.

Infertility in women is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. There are many causes of female infertility, with issues such as ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, or uterine problems being among the most common. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and thyroid disorders can disrupt normal ovulation, making it harder for women to become pregnant. Other factors, such as age-related decline in egg quality, pelvic infections, or structural abnormalities of the uterus, can also contribute to infertility. Women experiencing irregular menstrual cycles, pelvic pain, or repeated miscarriages should consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Treating Infertility:

• Ovulation induction
• Surgery
• Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Egg donation or Surrogacy

While infertility can be emotionally challenging, many women successfully conceive with the help of medical interventions, and support from healthcare professionals can guide them through this process.