5^thWorld Congress on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Fertility June 27-27, 2022 Berlin, Germany

Track 1: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is triggered by hormonal secretion imbalance. An elevated level of endocrine internal production within the duct gland results in an excessive release of endocrine into the bloodstream that leads to the growth of ovaries. In the name of PCOS itself phrase, it states that PCOS is formed by the formation of cysts within the ovary causing Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS), an elevated level of androgenic hormone (male hormone) in females characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, acne, significant periods, and excess hair on the body and face.

The PCOS condition is characterized by abnormal conditions inside the ovaries. Women of reproductive age are disproportionately affected, averaging 8-15%. Stein-Leventhal syndrome is another name for it. In this condition, women are at greater risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and female internal reproductive organ cancer. PCOS is associated with ovarian cysts in many women.

• Infertility
• Hirsutism
• PCOS-Genetics
• Menstrual disorders
• Metabolic Weight Loss

Track 2: PCOS and Fertility

Having a polycystic ovary syndrome can affect fertility if it is caused by factors such as an excess production of androgens called male hormones, high insulin levels, and inflammation that leads to anovulation. Due to irregular menstrual cycles, anovalation is the inability to release an oocyte. It can occur because of irregularity of menstruation which can lead to menopause in women under control and women suffering from PCOS, and if this disruption in ovulation continues it will cause difficulty in getting pregnant which may lead to difficulties and complications in getting pregnant and most of the hormones will become unbalanced which will result in a difficult pregnancy.

• Anovulation
• Effect of age
• Effects of contraception
• Contraception
• Previous pregnancies
• Hormone imbalance associated with polycystic ovaries

Track 3: Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins within the ovaries, which are the size of an almond and function to produce eggs. On the other hand, endometrial cancer develops in the uterine lining (the lining of the womb). Several cells grow abnormally in the body and are able to spread and invade other cells and systems of the body. The disease is sometimes referred to as uterine cancer. Endometrioid carcinoma is the type of cancer in which it is relatively common. This cancer causes vaginal bleeding that does not occur during the menstrual cycle, and it occurs mostly after menopause. In addition, we can think of the cancer as being caused by excessive exposure of uterine walls to estrogen. 2-5 % of these cancer cases are caused by genes inherited from the parents. Menstrual cycles longer than 35 days may cause a severe condition known as endometriosis. 

• The genetics of Endometrial cancer
• Endometrial Cancer subtypes
• Histopathology
• Metastasis

Track 4: PCOS- Women’s Health

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have side effects like Diabetes, Obesity, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Heart problems, Mood disorders, and Endometrial cancer. The main function in blood varies is that insulin resistance gets developed, causing an increase in blood glucose levels in the body. This can be determined by conducting tests of insulin. Patients with TYPE-2 diabetes have high blood glucose levels. Women with PCOS are more likely to have infertility issues, as well as experiencing weight loss or gain for the same reasons. It has been shown that women who are more responsive to insulin or have a resistance to insulin that is left over from hormonal imbalance are more promptly prone to being obese or overweight, which keeps them at risk of heart disease, sleep apnea and uterine cancer. 

It is associated with metabolic disorders of the insulin that are caused by the intolerance of the glucose levels in the bloodstream, the main symptom of OSA is restless sleep at night, and the first stage of OSA is snoring at night and having irregular sleep patterns, which can impact the quality of sleep in patients with PCOS. No women with PCOS experience the same symptoms. Women with PCOS have several disorders due to the polycystic ovarian syndrome. PCOS is not only associated with endocrinological disorders but also with emotional, mental and physical conditions such as anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, mood swings, and chronic stress. The mineral zinc plays an important role in boosting immunity for women suffering from PCOS, which is a cause of infertility. It also has a positive effect on fertility.

• Health in Pregnancy
• Maternal and Child Health
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Histopathology of ADHD

Track 5:  In-vitro Fertilization

A woman may undergo in vitro fertilization as an assisted reproductive technology or medical treatment in order to conceive. In vitro fertilization took part in the procedure of monitoring and stimulating women's ovulatory systems by taking sperm from the father and an egg from the mother and letting them combine and allow for fertilization to form an embryo. The newly formed embryo will then be implanted into the mother's uterus. This implantation makes it easier for women to get pregnant since the eggs are fertilized by sperms outside the normal biological process. Also called assisted reproducing technology, it is primarily used for the treatment of infertility.

• Pregnancy intravaginal culture
• Embryo freezing & frozen embryo transfer (FET)
• Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis     
• Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) & percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA).

Track 6: Fertility Management & Treatment

High levels of the male sex hormones (Androgens) and irregular production of sugar in the bloodstream causing insulin resistance can adversely affect the menstrual cycle and prevent the release of eggs on a regular basis or even halt the release of eggs completely. Due to this condition, it is harder for women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome to have easy pregnancy and it is more difficult for those women to conceive, sometimes even leading to miscarriage. Under some conditions, women may also experience sub-fertility or reduced fertility, which will require further medical assistance. Approximately 60% of women with PCOS become pregnant without medical assistance.

• Monitoring ovulation
• Surgery for improving fertility
• Assisted reproductive technology
• Various medications
• Weight management

Track 7: Laparoscopy for Fertility

Laparoscopy is an advanced surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted into the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall in order to view the internal organs clearly. Among the most advanced techniques available to infertility patients, laparoscopy is used for diagnosing or treating the underlying causes of infertility. A laparoscopy can be performed on patients who have previously undergone a basic evaluation of infertility with ultrasound, ovarian reserve (for females) and sperm analysis (for men). Women with fertility complications undergo laparoscopic examinations of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvis in order to determine if there are any abnormalities that might affect their fertility or inability to conceive. If this detects a complication or abnormality during laparoscopy, additional instruments can be placed through a tiny incision, enabling the diagnosis of infertility problems like Poor Ovarian Reserve or Ovarian Failure.

• Blocked fallopian tubes
• Uterine Abnormalities
• Pelvic Adhesions
• Abnormal Cervical Mucous
• Male Infertility Complications

Track 8: Fertilization Techniques

The process of fertilization occurs when the male gamete and female gamete combine to form a zygote. Unfortunately, 10% of males with Spermatogenesis disorder will not be able to conceive due to drastic changes in lifestyle, surroundings, or environmental factors. There are numerous reasons to evaluate that cause infertility in either the male or female partner of the couple. Different inventive techniques have been introduced to get fertile. Because these methods are based on the steps or procedure of improving Semen quality in vitro to override the natural barrier to fertilization. The processes vary according to their specific indications.

• Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
• Hormonal testing’s
• Microsurgical aspiration
• Zona pellucida drilling
• Genetic testing
• Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm (ICSI)

Track 9: Immunological Approaches to Fertility

In normal conditions, immune infertility affects one in five women; in addition, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are becoming more common. As the composite fluid containing sperm, cellular vesicles, and other cell components, semen might be a cause of sensitization of the female genital tract. The immune rejection of male semen leads to the physiological tolerance of the female regenerative tract, leading to either a local or systemic response. As well as infertility, iso-immunization is associated with it. Numerous specific components of the regenerative system differ from those in other body systems. Many of these are immunogenic. Major advantage of the immunological approach to fertility is that it is highly effective or has potential for women who are infrequently administered by trained specialists who could deliver antifertility services.

• Seminal fluid in female immune infertility
• Mucosal immunity of the female genital tract
• Ovulation Induction
• Hormonal Regulation

Track 10:  PCOS- Associated Organs

Many women suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are negatively affected by their nearer or interrelated major organs, a condition caused by hyperinsulinemia, which adversely affects their major organs. It causes various disadvantages to the major organs due to increased levels of androgens in the body that lead to an increase in regular changes of PCOS in women. Patients with a higher risk factor will have their medical profiles influenced by a variety of diseases that cause side effects to other organs. It is possible for women at this condition to experience severe complications in feeding babies after giving birth due to decreased levels of estrogen, which are the main factors for obstructing the development of mammary tissue. Children whose mothers suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome are more likely to develop Autism. Women with PCOS may have several neuronal defects that are associated with psychiatric disorders in the prenatal or postnatal period. Women with PCOS often experience mental health issues due to irregular menstrual cycles.

• Autoimmune disease
• Endo-neurological diseases
• Uro-gynecologic disorders
• Heart diseases

Track 11: Fertility and PCOS Medication

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal and endocrine-metabolic disorder that adversely affects fertility in women. The condition is characterized by hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, and various other symptoms that compromise the female reproductive system. This contributes to the infertile nature of women's regenerative hormones. PCOS is a condition that can be treated in early stages and symptoms such as hirsutism, acne, obesity, and many others can be treated with specific treatments. The ability to achieve fertility is generally linked to subsequent lifestyle changes like exercising and maintaining dietary subsidies and medications to improve the problem of infertility. In order to attain fertility for such women suffering from PCOS may seem to be a little more difficult. However, there are some medications and treatments that appear to work.

• Fertility medications
• Birth control pills
• Progestin Therapy
• Home remedies
• Cyst aspiration
• Ovarian drilling
• Hysterectomy

Track 12: Fertility and Infertility –Women

The ability for women to produce an offspring is defined as the notion that they have hormonal cycles that determine when they can become pregnant. In both men and women, fertility declines with age. Fecundity (Potential for reproduction) is a measure of a woman's fertility, which decreases around the age of 45-50. The term infertility refers to women who are unable to become pregnant after 12 months or who are experiencing difficulties carrying a pregnancy to term. Although there are no definite factors to determine the cause of infertility, it is the result of hormonal imbalances. The main symptoms of infertility include, inability to get pregnant, irregular menstrual cycles, hormonal complications such as hair growth, and dysfunctional sexual performance. Infertility is caused by a number of factors.

• Age
• History of sexually transmitted infection
• Irregular periods
• Body weight and Exercise
• Tobacco and alcohol use

Track 13: Drugs in PCOS

Patients suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are more likely to be prescribed the most effective drugs, which are also associated with a variety of other disorders. The best treatment for PCOS is fertility treatment. Gynecologists mostly recommend Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate) for the fertility, as well as medications used in the case of high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with major organs and is regulated by several other drugs.

• Anti-depressants
• Anti-Inflammatory drugs
• Anti-Diabetics
• Anti- Cancer Drugs
• Anti-Hypertensive
• Diuretics

Track 14: Bariatric Surgery in PCOS

Having gastric band surgery is a varied procedure that is usually recommended for patients who have obesity caused by excess fat deposition. By reducing the size of the stomach with the gastric band, bariatric surgery helps patients lose weight. Women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome experience a number of effects on their endocrine system, including a reduced ovarian volume and biomarkers of androgen excess. Among 15% of women with PCOS, 3% underwent bariatric surgery and were observed for preoperative and postoperative weight loss, testosterone levels, BMI, ovarian volume, fasting glucose, and weight. Surgical outcomes suggest that a woman who undergoes bariatric surgery has her PCOS key conditions resolved. Accordingly, the study results in reduced symptoms after bariatric surgery are encouraging, but such surgery is an extreme remedy and only appropriate for a few individuals. A new method to lose weight that is formulated by using bioengineering methods is to take bariatric surgery pills.

• Oophorectomy
• Endometrial biopsy
• Laparoscopy & laser surgery
• Tubal ligation

Track 15: Obstetrics and Gynecology

Generally speaking, obstetrics is a branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. The consequent changes in surgical methods led to the department merging with the Gynecological department, and the surgical field became known as Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstetrics has a connection with gynecological conditions like Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS), which has a wide and varied effect on women who bear children. This PCOS consequence has an immediate effect on reproductive women. There are several factors which interfere with a woman getting pregnant, including PCOS and causing obstructions to the pregnancy. The most significant reason is excessive insulin production in the circulatory system that causes a decrease in metabolism, and therefore causes dysfunction of the pancreas. Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes can be associated with PCOS. Maternal mortality is caused by the bleeding of the mother and the sepsis of the mother. As far as symptoms and complications/discomfort of pregnancy are concerned, there is no difference.

• Prenatal care
• Postnatal care
• Obstetric ultrasonography
• Obstetrical complication
• Placental abruption
• Placental praevia
• Placental accerta

Track 16: Postnatal Depression

A type of postnatal depression, known as postpartum depression (PPD), occurs after childbirth and is regularly observed in women who suffer from PCOS or who have just given birth. It is unclear whether (PPD) is initiated or stimulated by anything. This condition is mainly characterized by some characteristics that are probably factors of causing PPD. These include mood disorders, irregular hormone functions, and behavioral changes. These can cause a direct attack to the brain, which could lead to neuronal disorders. Depression associated with Postnatal/Postpartum is not confined to the mothers; 1 in 10 men who experienced a negative/traumatic birth experience may also suffer from depression.

• Postpartum Psychosis
• Peri-partum onset
• Postpartum Thyroiditis

Track 17: PCOS Advanced research

Research on PCOS has shown that it results from the abnormal functioning of hormones and from a metabolic disorder. Research efforts are ongoing to find the exact cause of PCOS and the partial way to mitigate the future effects worsened by it. Resveratrol is a plant product derived from plant synthesis. Resveratrol has a property of Anti-oxidant most of the plants contain a type of phenol called phytoalenin (which was observed in plants like raspberries, grape & peanuts), obtained from plant tissues in response to invading fungus and stress and it also had a clinical feature of inflammatory properties it involves in the reduction of coronary heart diseases and it shows an effective work of fighting against cancer. Resveratrol drug is administrated into the systemic circulation of the women fighting with PCOS that may show an effective work against the hormonal imbalances. Evaluation can be done by taking the blood sample of the patient after 3 months of treatment for the determination of testosterone levels and other androgen hormone levels in the blood that which shows the development/ implementation of the syndrome. This defines the alteration of the implement. Natural diets like almonds, milk, and veggies can help to improve fertility and restore normal hormonal function.

• Advanced works on PCOS and Mental Health
• Metformin and Lower Risk factors for Miscarriage
• Comparative studies of Allopathic and Homeopathic Medications
• Natural remedies to cure of Ovarian Cysts
• Advanced treatments to Improve Fertility