7^th Annual Congress on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Fertility October 24-25, 2024 London, UK

Anovulation can be caused by Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, which is caused by factors such as an excess production of androgens known as male hormones, insulin levels, and inflammation.

Anovulation is the inability to release an oocyte as a result of irregular menstrual cycles. This impediment caused by irregular menstruation can cause menopause to a woman under control and women suffering from PCOS. If this process of disruption in ovulation continues, it is difficult for women to become pregnant, which may lead to complications in getting pregnant and most of the hormones become unbalanced, making it difficult to carry a baby.

• Anovulation
• Effect of age
• Effects of contraception
• Contraception
• Previous pregnancies
• Hormone imbalance associated with polycystic ovaries

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, which are the size of an almond and are involved in egg production. Endometrial cancer develops from the endometrial layer (the uterine/womb lining). This is caused by abnormal cell growth, which has the ability to spread and invade normal cells and the functioning of other systems. It is also known as uterine cancer at times. Endometrioid carcinoma is the name given to this type of cancer. The main symptom of this cancer is vaginal bleeding that is not related to the menstrual cycle, and endometrial cancer usually develops after menopause. We can also speculate that the cancer is caused by an overexposure of the uterine walls to oestrogen levels. When it comes to the cause of this cancer, 2-5 percent of cases are linked to genes inherited from parents. Prolonged menstrual cycles of more than 35 days may progress to a severe condition that leads to endometriosis.

• The genetics of Endometrial cancer
• Endometrial Cancer subtypes
• Histopathology
• Metastasis

Women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome have side effects such as diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer. The major function in blood varies is that insulin resistance develops, resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels in the body. This can be determined by conducting insulin level blood tests. Excess blood glucose results in the diagnosis of TYPE-2 diabetes in patients. PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder in women of childbearing age and can cause infertility issues, as well as cause weight loss or gain in women. Women who are more sensitive to insulin or who have insulin resistance due to a hormonal imbalance are more likely to be obese or overweight, putting the patient at a higher risk of heart disease, sleep apnea, and uterine cancer.

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with metabolic disorders of the insulin that are caused by glucose intolerance in the bloodstream, the main symptom of OSA is restricted sleep entirely during the night times, the early stages of this OSA is snoring at night times and having irregular sleep, and this can cause effects of the quality of sleep towards the patient associated with PCOS. No two women with PCOS will experience the same symptoms. The condition of women with PCOS has several disorders that occur as a result of the polycystic ovarian syndrome. PCOS is associated with emotional and mental conditions such as anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, mood swings, and chronic stress. Zinc is essential for building immunity in women suffering from PCOS, which causes infertility, as well as for improving fertility.

• Health in Pregnancy
• Maternal and Child Health
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Histopathology of ADHD

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects individuals with ovaries. Hyperandrogenism is the defining sign of PCOS, a hormonal imbalance caused by the ovaries (the organ that produces and releases eggs) creating elevated levels of androgens, which are excess male hormones in the body. Hyperandrogenism can affect individuals during their reproductive years. The presence of hyperandrogenism contributes to many of the clinical manifestations and symptoms associated with PCOS.

Management of hyperandrogenism in PCOS may involve lifestyle modifications, such as weight management and exercise, along with medications to regulate hormonal imbalances. Anti-androgen medications, oral contraceptives, and insulin-sensitizing agents are commonly used in the treatment of PCOS to address hyperandrogenism and its associated symptoms.

It's important for persons with symptoms suggestive of PCOS, including signs of hyperandrogenism, to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider (Gynecologist or Endocrinologist or Reproductive Endocrinologist) can perform a thorough evaluation, which may include blood tests, imaging studies, and a review of symptoms, to diagnose and manage PCOS effectively.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a medical treatment or assisted reproductive technology used to help a woman conceive. In vitro fertilization took a step toward monitoring and stimulating women's ovulatory processes by extracting sperm from the father and egg from the mother and allowing them to combine and fertilize to form an embryo. Once the embryo has been formed, it will be implanted into the mother's uterus. This implantation allows women to conceive more easily because the eggs have been fertilized by sperms outside of the normal biological process. It is also referred to as a type of assisted reproductive technology that is primarily used to treat infertility.

• Pregnancy intravaginal culture
• Embryo freezing & frozen embryo transfer (FET)
• Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis    
• Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) & percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA)

High levels of male sex hormones (Androgens) and irregularity in the production of sugar levels in the bloodstream cause insulin resistance, which can have a negative impact on the menstrual cycle and prevent the release of an egg on a regular basis, or even stop completely or irregularly. This condition makes it more difficult for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome to have an easy pregnancy and makes it more difficult for those women to conceive, which can sometimes lead to miscarriage. Women who meet certain criteria may also experience reduced fertility or subfertility, necessitating additional medical attention. Sixty percent of PCOS women become pregnant without medical assistance.

• Monitoring ovulation
• Surgery for improving fertility
• Assisted reproductive technology
• Various medications
• Weight management

Laparoscopy is a sophisticated surgical procedure that involves inserting a fiber-optic instrument through the abdominal wall into the abdomen to provide a clear internal view of organs. Laparoscopy is one of the most advanced techniques used to treat or diagnose fertility complications or factors that cause fertility problems in patients suffering from infertility. Laparoscopy can be used on patients who have previously been diagnosed with infertility using ultrasound, ovarian reserve for females, and Semen Analysis for men. Laparoscopy is an in-depth examination of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvis of women experiencing fertility complications, with the goal of determining any abnormalities that may be affecting the women's fertility or ability to conceive. If a complication or abnormality is discovered during laparoscopy, additional instruments can be inserted through a tiny incision to aid in the diagnosis of infertility issues such as poor ovarian reserve or ovarian failure.

• Blocked fallopian tubes
• Uterine Abnormalities
• Pelvic Adhesions
• Abnormal Cervical Mucous
• Male Infertility Complications

Fertilization is the process of combining male gamete and female gamete, which results in the formation of zygote in 10% of males suffering from infertility with Spermatogenesis disorder due to drastic changes in their lifestyle, surroundings, or environmental factors and Hormonal imbalances most of the couple, i.e., 17.2% of couples in 30% are not expected to have a child There are numerous reasons to consider what is causing infertility in either the male or female of that particular couple. Various modern inventive techniques for becoming fertile have been introduced. Because these methods are based on in vitro steps or procedures to improve sperm quality in order to overcome the natural barrier of fertilisation. Techniques include a variety of processes that each have their own specific indications.

• Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
• Hormonal testing’s
• Microsurgical aspiration
• Zona pellucida drilling
• Genetic testing
• Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm (ICSI)

Immune infertility has become a serious health issue, affecting one in every five women under normal circumstances; additionally, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are becoming more common. Semen, also known as the composite fluid that contains sperm, cellular vesicles, and other cell components, may be a cause of sensitization of the female genital tract. Natural tolerance of the female reproductive tract caused by immune rejection of male sperm, which is a predisposing factor leading to a local or systemic response. Iso-immunization has also been linked to infertility. There are numerous specific components of the regenerative system that do not exist in other body systems, many of which are immunogenic efforts.

• Seminal fluid in female immune infertility
• Mucosal immunity of the female genital tract
• Ovulation Induction
• Hormonal Regulation

Most women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome have a direct effect on nearby or interconnected major organs, which is usually caused by hyperinsulinemia; this hyperinsulinemia will negatively affect major organs. As the frequency of PCOS in women increases, it causes various disadvantages to the major functioning organs due to increased levels of Androgen Hormones in the body, influencing the higher risk factor to the patient and leading to the patient medical profiles with various diseases that cause side effects to the other organs in the system. Women with this condition may have severe feeding complications after giving birth due to low estrogen levels, which is the main factor that obstructs mammary tissue formation by producing less estrogen. Some of the major causes of Autism in a child born to a mother with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Women who are predisposed to PCOS may have several neuronal defects that can lead to psychiatric disorders during the prenatal or postnatal period. These psychiatric impediments in PCOS women are frequently associated with menstrual cycle irregularities.

• Autoimmune disease
• Endo-neurological diseases
• Uro-gynecologic disorders
• Heart diseases

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is an endocrine (hormonal) condition that can cause multiple ovarian cysts, abnormal hair growth, inflammation and other symptoms. People with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to also have obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance or a combination of these chronic conditions. All of them raise the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses. There is currently no cure for PCOS, but diet and medical treatment can help manage weight, glucose levels, regular periods, and other complications which helps reduce the impact of PCOS. It could also help reduce the risk of complications such as diabetes and cancer. Reducing stress through self-care practices, such as getting enough sleep, avoiding over commitment, and making time to relax, can also help a person manage PCOS.

If you are diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, it doesn’t mean that you are destined to have poor health, there is a lot you can do to take charge, minimize symptoms and keep yourself healthy. Not everyone with polycystic ovary disease has these complications, but for those who do, reaching and maintaining a healthy weight and that starts with diet and exercise. It is best to avoid highly processed foods and those containing high levels of fat, added sugar, and salt. Research shows that people with PCOS show evidence of all-over inflammation, which is associated with heart disease and other illness. The Mediterranean diet eliminates saturated fats, processed meats and refined sugar, which makes it a powerful tool to address inflammation. Substituting whole, unprocessed options for inflammatory items can set the stage for better long-term health. Choices such as these from the Mediterranean diet can help you get to a healthy weight and manage PCOS symptoms with plenty of nutrition and great taste:

• Omega-3 rich fish, such as salmon, baked or broiled
• Olive oil instead of butter or margarine
• Beans and other protein-rich legumes instead of meat
• Non-starchy vegetables such as leafy greens (spinach, kale, escarole, endive, lettuce, etc.), tomatoes, mushrooms, peppers, broccoli, cauliflower, snow peas, celery and fennel
• Whole grains, such as brown rice, barley, sorghum and others. Breads and pastas made with whole grains can help people with PCOS avoid spikes in blood sugar.
• Whole fruit for dessert. The fiber content in whole fruit helps you feel full, helps your digestion and slows down the absorption of its sugars into the bloodstream.
• Drink plenty of water and low- or no sugar beverages (Staying hydrated is essential)

Fertility of women affected by the hormonal and endocrine-metabolic disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome is heterogeneous hormonal imbalance is the condition in which hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, and various other conditions primarily show an effect on the female reproductive system, resulting in infertile nature of women regenerative hormones. PCOS has no course and can be treated in its early stages, with symptoms such as hirsutism, acne, obesity, and others requiring specific treatment. Fertility is indigenously linked to subsequent lifestyle changes such as exercising and maintaining dietary subsidies and medication to alleviate the problem of infertility. Though achieving fertility in such PCOS-affected women is a little more difficult, there are some medications and treatments that show varying results.

• Fertility medications
• Birth control pills
• Progestin Therapy
• Home remedies
• Cyst aspiration
• Ovarian drilling
• Hysterectomy

Fertility can be defined as a woman's hormonal cycles that determine when she can achieve pregnancy; fertility is the ability of a woman to produce an offspring. Fertility declines in both men and women as they get older. Women generally lose fertility at a high rate between the ages of 45 and 50, as measured by fecundity (Potential for reproduction). Infertility is defined as a woman's inability to produce or conceive a child after 12 months or having difficulty carrying a pregnancy to term. There are no definite factors to evaluate the cause of infertility; it is dependent on hormonal imbalances; however, the main symptoms of infertility include inability to conceive, irregular menstrual cycles, hormonal complications such as hair growth, and sexual function. Among the causes of infertility are

• Age
• History of sexually transmitted infection
• Irregular periods
• Body weight and Exercise
• Tobacco and alcohol use

Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) is a medical subspecialty that focuses on the study and management of hormonal and reproductive disorders affecting both men and women. This medical specialty addresses issues related to fertility, menstruation, and hormonal imbalances that can impact reproductive health. The goal of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility is to help individuals and couples achieve their reproductive goals while promoting overall health and well-being.

Patients normally seek the help of reproductive endocrinologists when they face challenges in conceiving or have concerns about their reproductive health. These specialists play a crucial role in helping individuals and couples navigate the complexities of fertility issues, offering a range of diagnostic, therapeutic, and supportive services.

Key aspects of reproductive endocrinology and infertility include:

• Hormonal Regulation
• Female Reproductive Health
• Male Reproductive Health
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
• Fertility Preservation
• Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
• Endocrine Disorders
• Comprehensive Patient Care

Efficient drugs, which are mostly preferred in the case of patients suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, are linked to a number of other organ disorders. PCOS necessitates first-line fertility treatment. Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate) and major drugs used in the case of blood glucose levels, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood sugars are the most commonly recommended by gynaecologists for fertility. Several other drugs are used to treat disorders caused by the polycystic ovarian syndrome that affect major organs.

• Anti-depressants
• Anti-Inflammatory drugs
• Anti-Diabetics
• Anti- Cancer Drugs
• Anti-Hypertensive
• Diuretics

The majority of patients who undergo bariatric surgery have obesity that was brought on by excess fat deposition. By using a gastric band to reduce the size of the stomach, this operation helps patients lose weight.

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome experience decreased ovarian volume and elevated levels of biomarkers for androgen excess, among other consequences on their endocrine system. A specific study has evaluated the pre- and postoperative weight reduction, testosterone levels, BMI, ovarian volume, fasting glucose, and weight of 3 percent of the 15% of women with PCOS who underwent the bariatric procedure. Surgery results imply that a lady who has had bariatric surgery will have her PCOS's main symptoms resolved. The study's findings that symptoms lessened following bariatric surgery are therefore positive, but this kind of surgery is a severe cure and is only suitable for a select few. a brand-new way to lose weight involves taking a bariatric surgery pill that was made utilising bioengineering techniques.

• Oophorectomy
• Endometrial biopsy
• Laparoscopy & laser surgery
• Tubal ligation

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. It is characterized by the presence of small cysts on the ovaries, along with irregular menstrual cycles and elevated levels of in androgens (male hormones) the body. The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but genetics, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances play a role.

Diagnosing PCOS involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and specific tests. The following criteria are often used for diagnosis:

• Irregular Menstrual Cycles
• Elevated Androgen Levels
• Ovarian Cysts
• Exclusion of Other ConditionsTop of Form

The management of PCOS often involves a multidisciplinary approach, addressing various aspects of the condition, including hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. Treatment strategies may include:

• Lifestyle Modifications
• Weight management
• Medications
• Fertility Treatments
• Nutritional Counseling
• Psycho-Social Support
• Management of Other Symptoms (Skin Care, Hair Removal Techniques)
• Regular Monitoring

It's important to note that treatment plans are often individualized based on the specific symptoms and needs of each person. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial to monitor progress and adjust treatment as necessary.

The field of medicine known as obstetrics focuses on the study of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Based on the ensuing modifications in surgical techniques, it is integrated with the gynaecological division and is generally known as the surgical specialty of obstetrics and gynaecology. Obstetrics has a connection to gynaecological diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which affects pregnant women in a variety of ways. PCOS's effects are particularly severe in women who are trying to get pregnant. In addition to PCOS and other variables that might make it difficult for a woman to become pregnant, the main obstacle is excessive insulin production in the circulatory system, which causes a drop in metabolism and, as a result, pancreatic dysfunction. Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes can affect women with PCOS. This results in maternal death, which has two main causes: maternal haemorrhage and maternal sepsis. There is no distinction between symptoms and pregnancy complications or discomfort.

• Prenatal care
• Postnatal care
• Obstetric ultrasonography
• Obstetrical complication
• Placental abruption
• Placental praevia
• Placental accerta

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects between 6 and 15 percent of women of childbearing age. If you’re diagnosed with PCOS, it may be more difficult to become pregnant. And if you’re able to become pregnant, you’re at risk for more complications during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Women with PCOS are three times more likely to have a miscarriage, as compared to women who don’t have PCOS. They are also more likely to develop preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and have a larger baby and premature delivery. This could lead to difficulty during delivery or a cesarean delivery.

While PCOS can have an impact on your fertility and your pregnancy; with the right care and treatment, conception and a healthy pregnancy are completely possible and even probable.

Postpartum depression (PPD), often referred to as postnatal depression, is a type of mood illness that develops after childbirth and is frequently seen in women who have PCOS or who have recently given birth to a child. The cause or origin of PPD is unknown, but it is thought to be primarily caused by a number of characteristics, such as mood disorders, hormonal imbalances, and behavioural changes. PPD and similar subsequent disorders may also be caused by a direct attack on the brain, which can result in neuronal disorders. One in ten males who experienced a difficult or traumatic birth can develop postnatal Or postpartum depression, which is not just tied to the mothers.

• Postpartum Psychosis
• Peri-partum onset
• Postpartum Thyroiditis

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems. Epidemiologists use various research methods, including observational studies, surveys, clinical trials, and data analysis to understand the patterns and determinants of diseases.

Pathophysiology is the study of how diseases or abnormalities in the body's structure and function lead to the signs and symptoms of various conditions. Pathophysiology involves a combination of basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diseases.

Epidemiology and pathophysiology are interconnected fields that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of health and disease. In summary, while epidemiology focuses on the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations, pathophysiology delves into the mechanisms and processes that underlie diseases at the individual level. Together, these fields play a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of health and disease and in developing effective strategies for prevention and treatment.

Effective research on PCOS indicates that the disorder is brought on by metabolic endocrinological dysfunction and improper hormone function. More research is being done to determine the precise cause of the disorder and a partial solution to support any subsequent PCOS-related actions that get worse. Recent studies have focused on a plant substance called resveratrol, which is produced through plant synthesis. The majority of plants, including those that grow raspberries, grapes, and peanuts, contain a type of phenol called phytoalenin, which is obtained from plant tissues in response to stress and invading fungi. Resveratrol also has anti-inflammatory properties, which it uses to lower the risk of coronary heart disease and to fight cancer effectively. Women with PCOS are administered a resveratrol medication into their systemic circulation, which may function effectively against hormonal abnormalities. After three months of treatment, the patient's blood can be drawn for analysis in order to determine the levels of testosterone and other androgen hormones that indicate the emergence or manifestation of the syndrome. This describes how the tool has changed. Including natural foods in your diet, such as almonds, milk, and vegetables, can assist to increase fertility and promote healthy hormonal function.

• Advanced works on PCOS and Mental Health
• Metformin and Lower Risk factors for Miscarriage
• Comparative studies of Allopathic and Homeopathic Medications
• Natural remedies to cure of Ovarian Cysts
• Advanced treatments to Improve Fertility